tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26909347785509666442024-02-20T23:20:11.590-08:00historia bilingüeElisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-66446250686920952402010-06-10T03:04:00.000-07:002010-06-10T07:35:35.060-07:00The Benavente plan<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTswtmhGwjYtYGFjGcEFLzujokMGFiXqkLDohrvU_7ILwu6tQpPuP-xQg0SLSwf0QY0OXPKYvB5HgU_hppibkp_AJLlqGXBeXbPwYzxOtrg1fc9J18n-VDJmY48oaLEGlBmG3TS2mBdgqH/s1600/Benavente+plan.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481084114411696770" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 320px; height: 258px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTswtmhGwjYtYGFjGcEFLzujokMGFiXqkLDohrvU_7ILwu6tQpPuP-xQg0SLSwf0QY0OXPKYvB5HgU_hppibkp_AJLlqGXBeXbPwYzxOtrg1fc9J18n-VDJmY48oaLEGlBmG3TS2mBdgqH/s320/Benavente+plan.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><strong>The </strong><strong>historical centre and the main streets: <span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);">the square of the church of Santa Maria, la Mota and the streets of La Rúa, Los Herreros, square of La Madera. The most important street to hit the tawn is Los Carros.<br /></span></strong></span></div><br /><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);"></span></strong> </div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><strong>Industrial areas and bussines districts: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);">Ave. El Ferial, the main streets (La Rúa, Los Herreros) and the centre of Benavente.</span></span> </strong></span></div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);"></span> </div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-65174615596504144732010-06-10T02:38:00.000-07:002010-06-10T07:32:22.347-07:00Site features<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-wZ8Cjxl5cG2J8hp2bcvFs5_kKzr2VOPLvCbOnTUE6WGUCPa2ygNO_s6fq3ZzMc8-zBJU23ASyRrayLbvQY1Vw0dBLdRywNBK69nNFPs0ngwsTs4duNndlNtrZAKFI7ZAyLZvtoHnXWn/s1600/T+1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481078386707108018" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 320px; height: 258px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-wZ8Cjxl5cG2J8hp2bcvFs5_kKzr2VOPLvCbOnTUE6WGUCPa2ygNO_s6fq3ZzMc8-zBJU23ASyRrayLbvQY1Vw0dBLdRywNBK69nNFPs0ngwsTs4duNndlNtrZAKFI7ZAyLZvtoHnXWn/s320/T+1.jpg" border="0" /></a><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">Hill-foot:</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"> </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the point 3, because is sheltered, with flat land for building and farming.</span> <div><strong></strong></div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />Gap:</span></strong> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the point 1, bacause is lower, more sheltered land between two hills.</span></div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"></span></strong></div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />Wet point:</span> </strong><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the point 4, because is close to water in a dry area.</span></div><div><strong></strong></div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />Dry-point:</span> </strong><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the point 2, because is on higher, dry area close to wet land e.g. marshes or flooding rivers.</span></div><div><strong></strong></div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"></span></strong> </div><div><strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />Route Centre:</span> </strong><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the point 5, because is focus of routes (e.g. roads) from surrounding area.</span></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-8769064664170260592010-05-27T11:39:00.000-07:002010-05-27T12:00:13.233-07:00The gipsies<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggT-_dezTB_iHryiybz_8W2aX-8FPKGZdOoM3UUsJqwL1KndclQPrGM1c9SxAKmxV7ZF5rEDM9SBUgNzV8E8hTlcc7aXLkjvEDKlLteqU_YZA6-nmFzokRALd0Hf09R41cJnChgmDj29xH/s1600/gypsies.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 131px; height: 87px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggT-_dezTB_iHryiybz_8W2aX-8FPKGZdOoM3UUsJqwL1KndclQPrGM1c9SxAKmxV7ZF5rEDM9SBUgNzV8E8hTlcc7aXLkjvEDKlLteqU_YZA6-nmFzokRALd0Hf09R41cJnChgmDj29xH/s320/gypsies.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5476026494905012258" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Where did the gipsy people come from?</span><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">Gypsies migrated out of India into Europe as early as the eleventh century</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">.</span><br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br />How many gipsies are there in the world?</span><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">Between 5 and 8 million.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br />How many gipsies are there in Spain?</span><br /></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">Gypsy population range as low as 500,000 and as high as 700,000.</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br /><br />What language do they speak in Spain?</span><br /></span></span><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);font-family:arial;" >They speak a language known as Romany. </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br />What do you think the gipsies are excluded for the society?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">Yes, because there are people that think they are differents, because they have different costums, languages...</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br />Are social integration programmes necesary? why?/why not?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 0);">Yes, because in this way, they know what to do.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-39942758717663275732010-05-25T11:34:00.000-07:002010-05-25T12:18:47.864-07:00Types of Societies<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;font-family:georgia;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr style=""><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Types<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Time<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Lifestyle<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Special features<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0005"><span style="">Hunting and gathering societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">The vast majority of these societies existed in the past.</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;"> They depended upon their immediate enviroment and they were nomadic.<br /></span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">They travelled long distances for hunt, made clothes,</span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB"> gathered plants</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0006"><span style="">Pastoral societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">First emerged 12,000 years ago</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">They domesticated animals, stored food, maked storing food.<br /></span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">They were traders, healers, spiritual leaders, craftspeople...<br /></span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0007"><span style="">Horticultural societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">Appeared in different parts of the planet about the same time as pastoral societies.</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">They cultivated fruits, vegetables and plants.<br /></span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">They were mobile, they forced the people to leave.<br /></span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0008"><span style="">Agricultural societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">They appeared as long as 8,500 years ago that led to cultivating crops and raising farm animals. </span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">They were rulers, educators, craftspeople, merchants, and religious leaders</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">Women had higher social status because they shared labor more equally with men.</span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0009"><span style="">Feudal societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">- Feudalism: from the 9th to 15th centuries.<br /><br />- Capitalism: </span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">between the 14th and 16th centuries.</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">The lords exploited the peasants into providing food, crops, crafts, homage, and other services to the owner of the land. </span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">The introduction of foreign metals, silks, and spices stimulated great commercial activity in Europe. </span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0010"><span style="">Industrial societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">The period during the 18th century </span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">when the production of goods in mechanized factories began as the <strong><span style=";font-family:";" >Industrial Revolution</span></strong>, first in Britain. </span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">Social power moved into the hands of business elites and governmental officials, leading to struggles between industrialists and workers. </span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">Cultural diversity increased, as did social mobility. Large cities emerged as places to find jobs in factories. </span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><a name="zgourides6157c03-sec2-0011"><span style="">Postindustrial societies</span></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">In the actuality, when the world </span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">the world is witnessing a technological revolution.</span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">The society is being shaped by the human mind, aided by computer technology. </span><span style="font-size:85%;">The stores </span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">store, manipulate, and sell information. </span><br /><span style=";font-family:";" ><a href="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Types-of-Societies.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26856.html" target="undefined" id="KonaLink3"><span class="klink"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" lang="EN-GB"></span></span></a></span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB"></span></td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 108.05pt; color: rgb(102, 51, 255);" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB"></span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">Sociologists </span><span style=";font-family:";" lang="EN-GB">predict increased levels of education and training, consumerism, availability of goods, and social mobility.</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-47060740225568100832010-05-24T03:09:00.000-07:002010-05-25T11:34:40.397-07:00Population Rates<div><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">1.</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Why is it called a crude rate?</span></div><br /><div style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">Because is referred to simply as the birth rate.</div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">2.</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">What aspect of population growth or decline is not measured by the natural increase calculation?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />The infant mortality, the number of children for woman, the fertility... </span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">3.</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Calculate the Birth and Death Rates for Ireland in each of the four years.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);font-size:130%;" >Birth Rate</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">:</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1995: </span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">13/1000</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1998: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">14/1000</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2000:</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">14/1000</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2002: </span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">15/1000</span><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Death Rate:</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1995:</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">8/1000</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1998:</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">8/1000</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2000:</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">8/1000</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2002:</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">7/1000</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">4.</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Calculate the Natural Increase for Ireland in each of the four years.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);font-size:130%;" ><br />Natural Increase:</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1995: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">4/1000</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-1998: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">5/1000</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2000: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">6/100</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">-2002: <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">7/1000</span></span><br /><br /><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><br />5.</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Write a short paragraph outlining the population changes experienced over the period from 1995 to 2002, based on this data.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">The Birth Rate increased, but the Deaths went down. So, the population increased.</span><br /></span><div><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><div> </div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-25637436975352857372010-05-17T13:22:00.000-07:002010-05-27T11:18:53.803-07:00Doctors Without Borders<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8dQKn6bqcNoslxpOeR2RzKPfdtC2rqTpd16tiYGUS9frCXFlkZG9TkLqnNUQii0JyXR3-OuaP2jPGVb-qlbTocLeuWkGTrpFNTskddBmQ8fF3bjBzI594LTdufY1GW3r11GM_xLR2A7pM/s1600/poor+country.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 124px; height: 93px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8dQKn6bqcNoslxpOeR2RzKPfdtC2rqTpd16tiYGUS9frCXFlkZG9TkLqnNUQii0JyXR3-OuaP2jPGVb-qlbTocLeuWkGTrpFNTskddBmQ8fF3bjBzI594LTdufY1GW3r11GM_xLR2A7pM/s320/poor+country.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472341639783631250" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">• Would you be prepared to work in one of them? Why? Why not?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Yes, bacause there is a lot of people that need help.</span> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /><br />• What problems face most people in developing countries?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">They haven't got any food and water, they've got some illnes, they haven't got a house to live, a little education...</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br />• Would their situation be better if the birth rate fell? Why? Why not?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Yes, because if they are less person, the few goods will be easier to distribute into the poor people and there are more for person.</span> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /><br />• Why do many people in Africa die before they are 40 years old?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Because his life is more difficult than in other countries, and they hardly support with the illnes, the poverty, they are </span><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" class="clickable" onclick="'redirectWR(event,"><span class="q">unhealthy...</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /><br />• Why is a child in an underdeveloped country more likely to die than a child in a developed one?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Because they work from an early age to contribute to family income and they have to support the illness.</span>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-1977931191011514362010-05-17T13:08:00.000-07:002010-05-17T13:16:54.364-07:00Population of the world<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj54I0cm2BXOBy2_O15CFMvEKbtFl6AcExOtwSRVHEV1nfNLpDO5h3ppXSlj9P9cnt7GvSKU_nCdIlicDpfZYN9fT9UEw5qtwCCwO5yP97JvtOXa2ZsMn0wvk3d-PNpJ9iQGn2_EPgfbhKX/s1600/mapa.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 137px; height: 69px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj54I0cm2BXOBy2_O15CFMvEKbtFl6AcExOtwSRVHEV1nfNLpDO5h3ppXSlj9P9cnt7GvSKU_nCdIlicDpfZYN9fT9UEw5qtwCCwO5yP97JvtOXa2ZsMn0wvk3d-PNpJ9iQGn2_EPgfbhKX/s320/mapa.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472335438439190946" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">WHICH ARE THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED REGIONS IN THE WORLD? Why?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">The regions that are localized in the northern emisphere, bacause is a temperate zone, especially between 20º and 50º latitude North.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br />WHICH ARE THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRIES? Is all territory densely populated.<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">China, India and Japan, have about 2,500 million people, almost 40% of the world's population.</span><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"></span>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-5260212972159316182010-05-17T12:30:00.000-07:002010-05-17T13:07:17.891-07:00Spread of the potato<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwO_A8iYB_hxz7sMkrvtpTnoQ0NMulyIBnzX7WM7IycSmQ-eJv1Ibv6BThVixUS_B3F5o1lT3yHSODVIaFvVC6S02IQGiSSygdfwwcyAzUPX9TpC_5IMWwJ2WtWP8wsI2DOA9wx9ZRSHsL/s1600/patatas.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 141px; height: 100px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwO_A8iYB_hxz7sMkrvtpTnoQ0NMulyIBnzX7WM7IycSmQ-eJv1Ibv6BThVixUS_B3F5o1lT3yHSODVIaFvVC6S02IQGiSSygdfwwcyAzUPX9TpC_5IMWwJ2WtWP8wsI2DOA9wx9ZRSHsL/s320/patatas.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472333031402268738" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span class="querybold"><span class="artcopy"><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">When the Spanish conquerors reached the Peruvian Andes in the early 1500s, they found the Incas growing potatoes. The Spaniards called them </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">batata</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"> because they resembled the sweet potato grown in the West Indies.</span><br /></span></span></span><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); font-style: italic;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); font-family: arial; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size:100%;">From its origin in <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> highlands <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">of</span> Sou<span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span>rn Peru <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> domesticated <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">potato</span> has been transported all around <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> world.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span class="highlightedSearchTerm"><br /></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span class="highlightedSearchTerm">The</span> first diffusion <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">of</span> <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> domesticated <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">potato</span> was within <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> Americas. It started (possibly thousands <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">of</span> years ago) when early farmers from <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span> highlands <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">of</span> sou<span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span>rn Peru, took <span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span>ir crop plants both fur<span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span>r north into Central America and South to sou<span class="highlightedSearchTerm">the</span>rn Chile.<br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255); font-family: arial; font-style: italic;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:100%;" ><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255); font-family: arial; font-style: italic;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:100%;" >I think potatoes are good because are tough and durable, store well, and have an ompressive nutritional content including being a rich source of fiber, potassium and vitamin C. Like other fruits and vegetables, potatoes are a low calorie food and are free of fat, choresterol, and sodium. However, the leaves and stems of a potato plant are poisonous and may cause illness when onfested.</span><span class="text"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 16px;font-size:12;" ></span></span></span></p><span class="text"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 16px;font-size:12;" > <br /></span></span></span><!--$end exclude$--> <div id="e0" style="position: absolute; left: 272px; top: 107px; width: 372px; height: 60px; font-style: italic;font-family:arial;"> <table style="top: 56px; left: 0px; width: 1px; height: 4px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" height="60" nowrap="nowrap"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span class="text"><b><span style="line-height: 29px;font-size:24;" ></span></b></span></span><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="text"><span style="line-height: 16px;font-size:12;" ></span></span></span><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);"><br /></p>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-63320152687173113492010-05-13T02:51:00.000-07:002010-05-20T03:09:23.003-07:00Charles V<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8m4XbM_-nr7mSnm_0fBRp7jjn2BJ7betCnCXlO11cczLQn0khl4Ba-kgyNzxkzXozS0WuP7QPZnT_UPEvkDdAikqb-jFH67f-rTZqmBasWLtJUVkfcba7RHfa5N5blgFXUQ819ltT5wi_/s1600/carlos+V.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473292252898272018" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 95px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 123px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8m4XbM_-nr7mSnm_0fBRp7jjn2BJ7betCnCXlO11cczLQn0khl4Ba-kgyNzxkzXozS0WuP7QPZnT_UPEvkDdAikqb-jFH67f-rTZqmBasWLtJUVkfcba7RHfa5N5blgFXUQ819ltT5wi_/s320/carlos+V.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Where was born Charles V?</div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">24 february 1500</span><br /><br /><div><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />Could Charles V make decisions alone?</span></div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">No, because he needed the approval of the Parliaments of each kingdom.</span><br /><br /><div style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"></div><br /><br /><div style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />Whose approval did he need before increasing taxes, for example?</div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">The approval of the Parliaments of each kingdom.</span><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Who were the children of Charles I?</span></div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">Philip II of Spain, Maria of Spain, Joan of Spain, Johana Maria</span><br /><br /><div><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />Who ruled each territory in the king’s name?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">The viceroy or governor.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />Why did the king need to ask for loans?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">Because all of the wars ruined the economy.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />Why did Charles V have problems with France?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">Because always they were the enemys of Spain.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />The main battles against France</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">The battle of Pavia</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br /><br />Why were the Ottoman Turks his rivals?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">Because they want the spanish territories of the Mediterranean.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />The main battles against the Ottoman Empire</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">The turkish wars in the Mediterranean.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />What was his most serious problem?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">The protestantism.</span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br />How did he divide his possessions when he surrendered his power?</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">To his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><br /><br />Where Charles V decided to retire<br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,51)">When he faliured the intent of stop the protestantism.</span><br /></span></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-56131921196428226052010-04-29T02:48:00.000-07:002010-05-09T06:05:28.361-07:00Martin Luther and The Counter-Reformation<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQKD1OlxW_ONTdrw7FL2tx9C2EaJ3hjwyHV8pJ1ZjQjHyoDPre_FjjfnOv0uBl-lvRqp1q3rqavV4r_AKhIIX_fMnQMc9ajMruu6hcJO5b2dC0gx-aEK-QzmiDUmYH41Enoe9JJTo1gw1s/s1600/martin+lutero.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5465496479365275858" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 119px; height: 133px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQKD1OlxW_ONTdrw7FL2tx9C2EaJ3hjwyHV8pJ1ZjQjHyoDPre_FjjfnOv0uBl-lvRqp1q3rqavV4r_AKhIIX_fMnQMc9ajMruu6hcJO5b2dC0gx-aEK-QzmiDUmYH41Enoe9JJTo1gw1s/s320/martin+lutero.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">Martin Luther and the German Reformation </div><br /><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">1.<br /><br />(a) Describe the event that is taking place in the source shown on the right. </div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">He is hanking a sign. </span><br /><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">(b)Mention one immediate consequence of this event. </div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">The excomunication because the religios life of the high-ranking was wery luxury and contradicted the principles of Christiany.</span><br /><div> </div><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />1. Explain the following terms: </div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"></span> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">(a)justification by faith:</span> </span> <span style="color:#cc33cc;">Because the justification of being a Christian is realized by gestures, it</span> <span style="color:#cc33cc;">doesn't serve saying that you have faith.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">(b) indulgences:</span> </span><span style="color:#cc33cc;">Another cause of scandals were the indulgences, doccuments inssued by the Pope to pardon sins for money.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);" ><br />(c) Papal bull: </span><span style="color:#cc33cc;">Is</span><span style="color:#cc33cc;"> the document that the pope gives to pardon sins.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);" ><br />(d) excommunicated: </span><span style="color:#cc33cc;">When take away the powers if they have sins.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(e) heretic:</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"> </span>Is a person that deny some believe of the christian religion.<br /></span></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(f) clerical celibacy:</span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Is the pracrice in various religious traditions, in wich clergy adopt a celibate life, refraining frommarriage and sexual relationships.</span><br /></span></div><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"> </div><br /><div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);" ><br /><br />2. Write briefly four important landmarks in the life of Martin Luther. Counter-reformation</span>.<br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">The new doctrine is disseminated quickly in Jena is very popular due to its three monasteries. Luther often traveled to Jena to take part in debates and lectures on the ideas of the Reformation.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />1. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Was a reform movement in the Catholic Church, created un 1545</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />2. Identify three conclusions reached at this Council.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br /><br />(a)</span> Created new ways of spreanding catholicism</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(b) </span><span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">New religious orders were founded.</span><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(c) <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Founded the society of Jesus</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />3. Name five countries in Europe where the Counter-Reformation was successful and one country</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">where it was not.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(a) Successful in: </span> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Latin America, Asia, Africa, Germany and Low Countries.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br />(b) Unsuccessful in: </span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Italy.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-37909589820014113932010-04-10T04:56:00.000-07:002010-04-10T04:58:08.216-07:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9qzWtjsT5iKf6i2pW00Q7NyNwu0x6mj7go3l_7AUQfy4GO83uN_-K12lurrdSaMbtyLf0HvcS91tEXPZnRc24qRWpFZic0LgTckRl5s3WKx31NJEhGar_Lripo-RVw19GI7cUeHN1zRS/s1600/blanco.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 277px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9qzWtjsT5iKf6i2pW00Q7NyNwu0x6mj7go3l_7AUQfy4GO83uN_-K12lurrdSaMbtyLf0HvcS91tEXPZnRc24qRWpFZic0LgTckRl5s3WKx31NJEhGar_Lripo-RVw19GI7cUeHN1zRS/s320/blanco.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5458476839733332530" border="0" /></a>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-4635093386967849432010-04-01T03:47:00.000-07:002010-04-01T04:02:51.077-07:00Leonardo da Vinci<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRKgIlxypfwYQrjji5vYflEEdoiQT47FV7vYb47WyHd9zNXZQpvu8piUzPZ_7ctldLYH7pDoxLrZMpK50y8APVJLrsH0QUzOZ2BIcutBX0vRNzF_ZlpwAw5dApKG96JjOIzPDMfiwh9w5K/s1600/leonardo.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 99px; height: 126px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRKgIlxypfwYQrjji5vYflEEdoiQT47FV7vYb47WyHd9zNXZQpvu8piUzPZ_7ctldLYH7pDoxLrZMpK50y8APVJLrsH0QUzOZ2BIcutBX0vRNzF_ZlpwAw5dApKG96JjOIzPDMfiwh9w5K/s320/leonardo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455122666550027554" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 153, 255);">I think that Leonardo Da Vinci was a magnificent man and with a great intelligence, because in the times in which Leonardo was it was much more difficult to experience that now, because they didn't have so many means as we have today and besides he did not rely on always the support of the whole people, always there were someone who was opposed, but he was constant and he never retired. Besides she was an admirable person, not only for his intelligence, but for the great patience that leads to doing discoveries as big as that he did.</span>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-43455295948314705812010-03-25T03:53:00.000-07:002010-04-01T05:23:29.634-07:00The renaissance art<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYsvcpO-4felfXsDxSGvIsYlUmI3DPhPPKo7TvVvWQVJOUYRJt3pvf5NYWucJqLCEiA9Mk8Die7jRi4YTXBSyxFQxfYoKvj44CGRVZ9Fzyb092bJ4hyphenhyphenKA92BRuxSmlhS8NUNsJR9bZoaE/s1600/la+sagrada+familia+con+un+cordero.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 94px; height: 124px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYsvcpO-4felfXsDxSGvIsYlUmI3DPhPPKo7TvVvWQVJOUYRJt3pvf5NYWucJqLCEiA9Mk8Die7jRi4YTXBSyxFQxfYoKvj44CGRVZ9Fzyb092bJ4hyphenhyphenKA92BRuxSmlhS8NUNsJR9bZoaE/s320/la+sagrada+familia+con+un+cordero.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455128085007435778" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> THE HOLY FAMILY WITH A LAMB<br /><br /><br />Auteur: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Raphael.</span></div> <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br />Work: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Painting.</span></div> <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br />Type of work: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Is a oilpainting handmade.<br /></span></div> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br />Funcion or subject:</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">The Virgin Mary helps the Child Jesus to mount on a lamb under the look of San Jose, which rests on a rod. </span> <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br />Decoration or Characteristics: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">The colors and brushstrokes are a very good match to the original. </span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">The scene places in an idyllic landscape in that can be recognized to the bottom a church, the tower of a castle and some houses. In the Christian simbología, the Lamb refers to Christ's Passion.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br />THE STATUE OF DAVID </span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi45Mi6qYBkL1nsrYOFEnK9iFM7Jnr_tx3HOkc36Osq2fnfK1yHbEjJ6PBEzG28J7ULudGiqanNqPXkc8WDR7ZEi6N3K3a2VzES4kAE8E6tYILm1DjlCJvUfJvE05XPYCo4eXvHHOpC8aQN/s1600/the+statue+of+davis+by+donatello.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 81px; height: 146px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi45Mi6qYBkL1nsrYOFEnK9iFM7Jnr_tx3HOkc36Osq2fnfK1yHbEjJ6PBEzG28J7ULudGiqanNqPXkc8WDR7ZEi6N3K3a2VzES4kAE8E6tYILm1DjlCJvUfJvE05XPYCo4eXvHHOpC8aQN/s320/the+statue+of+davis+by+donatello.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455135403948952482" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br />Auteur: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Donatello.</span><br /><br />Work: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Statue.</span><br /><br />Type of work: <span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);">Bronze statue.</span><br /><br />Function or Subject: <span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);">The statue shows the David's </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">victory on Goliat.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);">Decoration or Characteristics: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Donatello shows a teen David, with the foot on Goliat's head, which has just cut with the own sword of his enemy and which david still holds in right hand, with another hand he supports the stone with the one that hurt Goliat. It has the serene expression and covers hi</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">s head with typical hat of straw of the Toscana of which they fall the locks of hair of the hair he takes also a wreath of leaves of amaranth in clear allusion to the Greek heroism and his feet are born by a few boots. In Goliat's head one finds a worn out helmet to the detail with storied reliefs and plant typical adornments of the first Renaissance.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br /><br />THE MONASTERY OF EL ESCORIAL</span></span></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIvI7h0IIW_yO_ql9vRMFPSaOBcDLtPydlpeZvpw5KRwzw4QaSv2wfG5DjGLtBt_mTzEZgE6witBMcAm09k_3JzP012lCZdvltZN4JgNC09WoY0UpBUaw1jjldGyOEYYMIjYFQROwk6msP/s1600/el+escorial.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 124px; height: 93px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIvI7h0IIW_yO_ql9vRMFPSaOBcDLtPydlpeZvpw5KRwzw4QaSv2wfG5DjGLtBt_mTzEZgE6witBMcAm09k_3JzP012lCZdvltZN4JgNC09WoY0UpBUaw1jjldGyOEYYMIjYFQROwk6msP/s320/el+escorial.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455143485033217458" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br /><span style="font-size:100%;">Auteur: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);">Work: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Is a monastery. <span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"><br /><br />Type of work: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">A monastery by granite. <span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"><br /><br />Function or Subject: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">The king Philiph II gave the orders to construct the monastery to commemorate the victory of San Quintin's battle on the frenchmen on August 10, 1557.</span> </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);">Decoration and Characteristics: <span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Contemplated from out, the monastery of El Escorial looks like an enormous horizontal, closed an hermetic structure splashed by the vertical accents of the towers that surround the central dome. Constructed in granyte his gray mass is warmed reaching dyes glided in his fronts shoutern and western. The roofs realised bassed on slate shine as if it was a question of sloping walls of silver. The solid and closed character accents was even more for the relative smallness of his vains ones which rhythmically aligned pluck his walls. This stile desornament is the element typical of El Escorial. From the exterior of the monastery we can observed the Strap, the Corridors of the Sold and the gradens.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span> </span></span><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-73565489763729166752010-03-22T04:02:00.000-07:002010-03-22T08:02:49.050-07:00Marco polo's journey<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP6J_jqbwxiMlcTZyO5K5WG1Y3HuSYkb092Vsf__sWqjTdH2fViIGpjWJXmvp8bYTqylDGpo8T-K66JTZUfn7UsLnPTS3qsFO-d5byx_c3SObaEz9PrjNuaZCtQSlBWSVo0OzI3fBCAesf/s1600-h/ruta.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451413917416845858" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right; width: 300px; height: 294px;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP6J_jqbwxiMlcTZyO5K5WG1Y3HuSYkb092Vsf__sWqjTdH2fViIGpjWJXmvp8bYTqylDGpo8T-K66JTZUfn7UsLnPTS3qsFO-d5byx_c3SObaEz9PrjNuaZCtQSlBWSVo0OzI3fBCAesf/s320/ruta.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiY_xOBbTv6TFpwryEqbZIJfTUhggBmGQSNWMTIYd2zaCLIARqHXsjjcRuSyOZiV81Q6FrWd_U2VBvDkwbwnH2RwjZE242G4RgGEVajo-M3aBuH1vW1zBZ4BqC2qe6nEfR32iF8jErSJfT/s1600-h/marco+polo.jpg"><span style="color:#cc33cc;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451413219836099090" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 112px; height: 118px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiY_xOBbTv6TFpwryEqbZIJfTUhggBmGQSNWMTIYd2zaCLIARqHXsjjcRuSyOZiV81Q6FrWd_U2VBvDkwbwnH2RwjZE242G4RgGEVajo-M3aBuH1vW1zBZ4BqC2qe6nEfR32iF8jErSJfT/s320/marco+polo.jpg" border="0" /></span></a><span style="color:#cc33cc;"><br /><br /></span><br /><div><em><span style="color:#cc33cc;">Marco Polo was a merchant from the Venetian Republic who wrote Il Milione, which introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had 3 children. He died in 1324, and was buried in San Lorenzo.</span></em></div><br /><br /><div><em></em></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); font-style: italic;">Marco Polo was accompanied in his trips by his father and uncle (both of whom had been to China previously), though neither of them published any known works about their journeys. The book was translated into many European languages within Marco Polo's lifetime, but the original manuscripts are now lost. About 150 copies in various languages are known to exist. However during copying and translating many errors were made, so there are many differences between the various copies. The first English translation is the Elizabethan version by John Frampton, </span><i style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); font-style: italic;">The most noble and famous travels of Marco Polo.</i><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); font-style: italic;">The first attempt to collate manuscripts and provide a critical edition was in a volume of collected travel narratives printed at Venice in 1559.The editor, Giovan Battista Ramusio, collated manuscripts from the first part of the fourteenth century, which he considered to be "</span><i style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); font-style: italic;">perfettamente corretto</i><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); font-style: italic;">" ("perfectly correct"). He was of the opinion, not shared by modern scholars, that Marco had first written in Latin, quickly translated into Italian: he had apparently been able to use a Latin version "of marvelous antiquity" lent him by a friend in the Ghisi family of Venice.</span> <p><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-style: italic;">The edition of Luigi Foscolo Benedetto, Marco Polo, Il Milione, under the patronage of the Comitato Geografico Nazionale Italiano (Florence: Olschki, 1928,) collated sixty additional manuscript sources, in addition to some eighty that had been collected by Sir Henry Yule, for his 1871 edition. It was Benedetto who identified Rustichello da Pisa, as the original compiler or amanuensis, and his established text has provided the basis for many modern translations: his own in Italian (1932,) and Aldo Ricci's The Travels of Marco Polo (London, 1931).The oldest surviving Polo manuscript is in Old French <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>heavily flavoured with Italian; for Benedetto, this "F' text is the basic original text, which he corrected by comparing it with the somewhat more detailed Latin of Ramusio, together with a Latin manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.An introduction to Marco Polo is Leonard Olschki, Marco Polo's Asia: An Introduction to His "Description of the World" Called 'Il Milione', translated by John A. Scott (Berkeley:University of California) 1960; it had its origins in the celebrations of the seven hundredth anniversary of Marco Polo's birth.</p><br /><br /><div></div></div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-25534646966395828362010-03-22T03:58:00.000-07:002010-03-22T04:02:02.090-07:00The women in Al Andalus<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5XlUVwHzou3JKclzfldOw8T_uT2uQHlJxSh96HmKa3tXiZS5UWv-QBO6TayhGbAvm4HrxaDR4EZDCweROh4te6WyXtMjzJbdvWxu_4Kr2mqZVn5DnCp-GhN8xr73GHitFvd-zigyX-Cw/s1600-h/muslim+woman.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451411579839952898" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 71px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 118px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5XlUVwHzou3JKclzfldOw8T_uT2uQHlJxSh96HmKa3tXiZS5UWv-QBO6TayhGbAvm4HrxaDR4EZDCweROh4te6WyXtMjzJbdvWxu_4Kr2mqZVn5DnCp-GhN8xr73GHitFvd-zigyX-Cw/s320/muslim+woman.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div></div><div><em><strong><span style="color:#cc33cc;">This thesis presents an analysis of the Islamic presence in the Peninsula Iberica through a comparison of the ancient society called al-Andalus (711bc-1492bc) and the contemporary Spain, filled with Islamic immigrants, with a particular reference over the Muslim women and their lifestyle. This work is also aimed at discovering the Islamic roots of Spain, going back to its origins and to the history of the people that contributed to the creation of this nation. In order to do my research, I used books and articles from different authors taken from the internet. The first chapter is devoted to a cultural and historical description of the al-Andalus era, and it is focused on all the aspects that characterized this society: the architecture, the way of life in the major cities, the food and the beauty products and the main aspects of the Islamic religion. In the second chapter, it is explained how marriage and family were a fundamental part in the life of Islamic women of al-Andalus, while in the third chapter I present women jobs and activities, stressing the fact that al-Andalus was a quite liberal society, especially in comparison with others from the medieval era. In the last chapter, I shift the focus of the analysis on the present Spain, a nation that often forget or even reject their Islamic roots. I analyze several stereotyped images about the supposed discrimination of Arabic-Muslim women which are widespread in the Occidental culture. Firstly, I identify some topics about the supposed discrimination of Muslim women in general, which are also attributed to Spanish press, then I argue that other factors are more relevant for gender discrimination in Maghreb countries, which are actually important causes of female emigration to Spain. Secondly, I focused on the description of the lifestyle of Islamic women in Spain, and I handle the controversial issue regarding the use of hijab. </span></strong></em></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-66023913254410271032010-03-11T02:54:00.000-08:002010-03-11T03:11:18.440-08:00King Henrry VIII of England<div><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3U0z-GFpLHjM05ybJt3mXfKt21uysxIX8IdY3RkTk6uxTCU7ku1RUQR7gkqMOC9m_lWUvC7ufhaBi7RPEH0qOl20_y97fjzpKPXtySUOsK72YbPAhl8zMz5ohz78z99dq2ai7EgwVHXaK/s1600-h/henrry+VIII+of+England.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5447328564330245938" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 99px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 123px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3U0z-GFpLHjM05ybJt3mXfKt21uysxIX8IdY3RkTk6uxTCU7ku1RUQR7gkqMOC9m_lWUvC7ufhaBi7RPEH0qOl20_y97fjzpKPXtySUOsK72YbPAhl8zMz5ohz78z99dq2ai7EgwVHXaK/s320/henrry+VIII+of+England.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England, a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Romeº ultimately led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Su<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ZRtTGUTPO0NG2frEtHpzcMU0i2E4sX5hF7QJ6JxMsV6Hiy42xlY9t8P4JocKSUdo9TY32d_b3EFUXSHKq2pLCBBgQrN3zjGqMs1GO-oeyaKIS_QZMQi9h4YWzd83ghJ_2fefDWB1XXHL/s1600-h/henrry.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5447331636587328066" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 118px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 150px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ZRtTGUTPO0NG2frEtHpzcMU0i2E4sX5hF7QJ6JxMsV6Hiy42xlY9t8P4JocKSUdo9TY32d_b3EFUXSHKq2pLCBBgQrN3zjGqMs1GO-oeyaKIS_QZMQi9h4YWzd83ghJ_2fefDWB1XXHL/s320/henrry.jpg" border="0" /></a>preme Head of the Church of England. He remained an advocate for traditional Catholic ceremony and doctrine throughout his life, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church following the annulment of his marriage to first wife Catherine of Aragon and the marriage to his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Royal support for the English Reformation began with his heirs, the devout Edward VI and the renowned Elizabeth I, whilst daughter Mary I temporarily reinstated papal authority over England. Henry also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. He is also noted for his six wives, two of whom were beheaded.</span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#006600;">POWER AND AUTHORITY</span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#333399;">Financially, the reign of Henry was a near-disaster. After inheriting a prosperous economy (augmented by seizures of church lands) heavy spending and high taxes damaged the economy.<br />For example, Henry expanded the Royal Navy from 5 to 53 ships. He loved palaces; he began with a dozen and died with fifty-five, in which he hung 2,000 tapestries. He took pride in showing off his collection of weapons, which included exotic archery equipment, 2,250 pieces of land ordnance and 6,500 handguns.<br />From 1514 to 1529 Thomas Wolsey (1473–1530), a Catholic cardinal, served as lord chancellor and practically controlled domestic and foreign policy for the young king. He negotiated the truce with France that was signaled by the dramatic display of amity on the Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520). He switched England back and forth as an ally of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Wolsey centralized the national government and extended the jurisdiction of the conciliar courts, particularly the Star Chamber. His use of forced loans to pay for foreign wars angered the rich, who were annoyed as well by his enormous wealth and ostentatious living. Wolsey disappointed the king when he failed to secure a quick divorce from Queen Katherine. The treasury was empty after years of extravagance; the peers and people were dissatisfied and Henry needed an entirely new approach; Wolsey had to be replaced. After 16 years at the top he lost power in 1529 and in 1530 was arrested on false charges of treason and died in custody. Henry then took full control of his government.</span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#333399;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#006600;">THE WIVES</span></div><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#996633;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#996633;">The wives of Henry VIII were the six queen consorts married to Henry VIII of England between 1509 and 1547.<br />The six wives (queens consort) of King Henry VIII were, in order: Catherine of Aragon (annulled), Anne Boleyn (annulled then beheaded), Jane Seymour (died, childbed fever). <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN5CLPoJnfiwTWMubQcTOatOcxJ61xafODDtiRYdoNV2JPxuPCnqetWk9-NaWFTPUJABEpAMf4qVMR_cgg2xw9aqzoSgryR3E3R_rn714tUBanyrP-sIekkdWyudjKPt4pOO8iySSk1gk3/s1600-h/ana.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5447331020666438498" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 104px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 140px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN5CLPoJnfiwTWMubQcTOatOcxJ61xafODDtiRYdoNV2JPxuPCnqetWk9-NaWFTPUJABEpAMf4qVMR_cgg2xw9aqzoSgryR3E3R_rn714tUBanyrP-sIekkdWyudjKPt4pOO8iySSk1gk3/s320/ana.jpg" border="0" /></a>Anne of Cleves (annulled), Katherine Howard (annulled then beheaded), and Catherine Parr. Because annulment legally voids a marriage, technically speaking Henry would have said he had only 2 "wives", but his marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon was declared legal and valid during the reign of his daughter Queen Mary I. It is often noted that Catherine Parr "survived him"; in fact Anne of Cleves also survived the king and was the last of his queens to die. Of the six queens, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour each gave Henry one child who survived infancy—two daughters and one son, all three of whom would eventually accede to the throne. They were Queen Mary I, Queen Elizabeth I, and King Edward VI.</span></div><br /><br /><div></div></div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-66608959733241793462010-03-11T02:43:00.000-08:002010-03-11T02:54:01.375-08:00The catholic monarchs<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilIMtp_dUw7yqhp4sHxKR8o1nl6IkDbtit33mPaCfO1PMGMxRqNlRjLj35492S63-tcjJYNkTB24_BI1CjqwlmputBBib2jrdSlDNPJr3FNwmwXIpdNZSeWnaJ2GREmmTOZfM-jXyYV8_7/s1600-h/reyes+catolicos.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5447325661201638802" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 110px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 118px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilIMtp_dUw7yqhp4sHxKR8o1nl6IkDbtit33mPaCfO1PMGMxRqNlRjLj35492S63-tcjJYNkTB24_BI1CjqwlmputBBib2jrdSlDNPJr3FNwmwXIpdNZSeWnaJ2GREmmTOZfM-jXyYV8_7/s320/reyes+catolicos.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="color:#cc33cc;"><br /></span><br /><div><span style="color:#006600;">The Catholic Monarchs is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; they were given a papal dispensation to deal with consanguinity by Sixtus IV. The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was bestowed on them by the Pope Alexander VI. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was eighteen years old and Ferdinand a year younger. Their marriage united both crowns under the same family.</span></div><br /><div></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6yIHNltcmy2NuWNe6tX0aG5EfoW1iPTPs_8Mc0-UxxhZjTJMYv_ZMNtt0L5Y4-SwOjAqY_2P8sEWmWW0Xer8w9RkxSKQ_pEjT1yhZ8_p-Qsxvv1kNp3D25ueSsEUvbmpeAy1YXy5gHBmK/s1600-h/catholic+mobnarchs.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5447327475262844978" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 150px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 145px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6yIHNltcmy2NuWNe6tX0aG5EfoW1iPTPs_8Mc0-UxxhZjTJMYv_ZMNtt0L5Y4-SwOjAqY_2P8sEWmWW0Xer8w9RkxSKQ_pEjT1yhZ8_p-Qsxvv1kNp3D25ueSsEUvbmpeAy1YXy5gHBmK/s320/catholic+mobnarchs.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><span style="color:#990000;">SUCESSION:</span></div><br /><div></div><br /><div><span style="color:#6633ff;">Isabella was named heir to the throne of Castile by her half brother Henry IV of Castile in the Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando. She became Queen of Castile in 1474. Her niece, Juana of Castile, attempted to gain the throne by bringing in the foreign help of Afonso V of Portugal. This led tothe War of Castilian Succession. Isabella's supporters came out ahead in 1479 via the Treaty of Alcacovas. Ferdinand became the King of Aragon in 1479; their marriage united the two kingdoms, leading to the beginnings of modern Spain.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#6633ff;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc0000;">DOMESTIC POLICY:</span></div><br /><div></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">The Catholic Monarchs set out to restore royal authority in Spain. To accomplish their goal, they first created a group named the Holy Brotherhood. These men were used as a judicial police force for Spain. To replace the courts, the Catholic Monarchs created the Royal Council, and appointed chief magistrates to run the towns and cities. This establishment of royal authority is known as The Pacification of Castile, and can be seen as one of the crucial steps toward the creation of one of Europe's first strong nation-states.<br />Ferdinand and Isabella were noted for being the monarchs of the newly-united Spain at the dawn of the modern era. The Kings had a goal of completing the Christian Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula and to conquer the Muslim kingdom of Granada. The beginnings of a series of campaigns known as the Granada War began with the attack of Alhama, a city in Andalusia. The attack was led by two Andalusian nobles Rodrigo Ponce de León and Diego de Merlo. The city fell to Andalusian forces in 1492. The Granada War was aided by Pope Sixtus IV by granting the monarchs a tithe and implementing a crusade tax to invest in the war. After 10 years of many battles the Granada War ended in 1492 when the Emir Boabdil surrendered the keys of the Alhambra Palace in Granada to the Castilian soldiers.</span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span></div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-27274712087559312512010-03-04T02:47:00.000-08:002010-03-04T08:07:53.922-08:00The black death<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGCyWKswOh5ZeebGpxWBNUS_2D5FW5UulaEm0IJZjc_Xyj7eu27oQgTNpP5kgAogLUVJbQmlOFWlRSX-eeGCgc4-_I3nF9_Ecrpfr_z-pKS4VmBkGysRc7BivZxSaimGSCkPn_kW5mCGlw/s1600-h/peste+negra.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 133px; height: 80px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGCyWKswOh5ZeebGpxWBNUS_2D5FW5UulaEm0IJZjc_Xyj7eu27oQgTNpP5kgAogLUVJbQmlOFWlRSX-eeGCgc4-_I3nF9_Ecrpfr_z-pKS4VmBkGysRc7BivZxSaimGSCkPn_kW5mCGlw/s320/peste+negra.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5444810947811026770" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"> The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, but this view has recently been challenged. Usually thought to have started in Central Asia, it had reached the Crimea by 1346. From there, probably carried by fleas residing on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships, it spread throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.</span><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population, reducing the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400. This has been seen as creating a series of religious, social and economic upheavals which had profound effects on the course of European history. It took 150 years for Europe's population to recover. The plague returned at various times, resulting in a larger number of deaths, until it left Europe in the 19th century.<br /></span><br /><div></div><br /><span style="color:#330099;">-How was transmitted?</span><br /><br /><div></div> <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">The three forms of the Black Death were transmitted two ways. The septicemic and bubonic plague were transmitted with direct contact with a flea, while the pneumonic plague was transmitted through airborne droplets of saliva coughed up by bubonic or septicemic infected humans.</span><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">The bubonic and septicemic plague were transmitted by the the bite of an infected flea. Fleas, humans, and rats served as hosts for the disease. The bacteria (Yersinia pestis) multiplied inside the flea blocking the flea's stomach causing it to be very hungry. The flea would then start voraciously biting a host. Since the feeding tube to the stomach was blocked , the flea was unable to satisfy its hunger. As a result, it continued to feed in a frenzy. During the feeding process, infected blood carrying the plague bacteria , flowed into the human's wound. The plague bacteria now had a new host. The flea soon starved to death.<br />The pneumonic plague was transmitted differently than the other two forms . It was transmitted through droplets sprayed from the lungs and mouth of an infected person. In the droplets were the bacteria that caused the plague. The bacteria entered the lungs through the windpipe and started attacking the lungs and throat. </span></div><br /><br /><div></div><br /><br /><div></div><span style="color:#330099;">-Where did the plague arrive from?</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4Lv1sHq2gW25svGNJEDlQFEpJuu9HpYrGdraYbOJaiemn9FgwbfO7PruifJUUqtX4Pxj2zmEiDzCH9a2c_cDLYtEMf2QE6KiF3INXTmX4qxDOx8kfSbgJ1gR1lcQyyo-sgdtA_v5cPWI/s1600-h/black+death.gif"><span style="color:#330099;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5444730603550189186" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right; width: 320px; height: 229px;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4Lv1sHq2gW25svGNJEDlQFEpJuu9HpYrGdraYbOJaiemn9FgwbfO7PruifJUUqtX4Pxj2zmEiDzCH9a2c_cDLYtEMf2QE6KiF3INXTmX4qxDOx8kfSbgJ1gR1lcQyyo-sgdtA_v5cPWI/s320/black+death.gif" border="0" /></span></a><br /><br /><div></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"> The first recorded appearance of the plague in Europe was at Messina, Sicily in October of 1347. It arrived on trading ships that very likely came from the Black Sea, past Constantinople and through the Mediterranean. This was a fairly standard trade route that brought to European customers such items as silks and porcelain, which were carried overland to the Black Sea from as far away as China. </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"> </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"></span> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"></span> </div><span style="color:#330099;">-How did the Black Death effect European civilization?</span><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"> It affected Europe's population and also its economy. Changes in the size of civilization led to changes in trade, the Church, music and art, and many other things.<br /> The Black Death killed off a massive portion of Europe's population. The plague is more effective when it attacks weakened people and Europe at the time was already weakened by exhaustion of the soil due to poor farming, the introduction of more sheep which reduced the land available for corn, and persistent Scottish invasions.<br /> Fleas infected with the Bubonic Plague would jump from rats to travelers, killing millions and infesting the continent with world shaking fear. Normal people were tormented by the threat of death, causing them to change their views on leisure, work, and art. Even children suffered.</span></div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#330099;"></span> </div><span style="color:#330099;">-What changes produced in the economic?</span><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><br /><div> </div><span style="color:#cc33cc;">The economy was probably hit the hardest of all the aspects of Europe. The biggest problem was that valuable artisan skills disappeared when large numbers of the working class died. Therefore,those who had skills became even more valuable than the rich people. The society structure began to change giving formally poor laborers more say. The peasants and artisans demanded higher wages. Serfs seeking liberation from tilling their lord's land were told by decree and statue to return to their master's duties. The poor people saw so much death they wanted to enjoy life. Serfs began to leave their land and not engage in the planting of crops. Unattended crops and stray animals died of starvation because of the lack of care. Several domesticated animals began to roam the forest. Farming communities became rare. The lack of sufficient law enforcement personnel promoted lawlessness. People called "Bechini" pillaged homes, murdering and raping people. They dressed in red robes with red masks and only their eyes showed. The horror of the Black Death had taken on a new victim, the economy. </span><br /><div><span style="color:#cc33cc;"></span> </div><br /><div> </div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-62271193662952648702010-02-25T12:25:00.000-08:002010-02-25T12:42:38.468-08:00The Aztecs<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtGfAx1aOUFwCk58fAR2FDQZe7EvxNcSpobsH7grDSQ1s1WmPue4MA_lrAIIjSkGI5zANeEFW1PHr7PJW2DRf4XRDlDVV_vfBc2HJGSdLDxG1KI-13UMxS-gUQ28Frl1b7ySlmbF5AkCy/s1600-h/aztequita.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 99px; height: 145px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtGfAx1aOUFwCk58fAR2FDQZe7EvxNcSpobsH7grDSQ1s1WmPue4MA_lrAIIjSkGI5zANeEFW1PHr7PJW2DRf4XRDlDVV_vfBc2HJGSdLDxG1KI-13UMxS-gUQ28Frl1b7ySlmbF5AkCy/s320/aztequita.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442283127501656226" border="0" /></a><br /><p style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nathuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.</p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);">Often the term "Aztec" refers exclusively to the Mexica people of Tenochtitlan, situated on an island in Lake Texococo, who referred to themselves as <i>Mexica Tenochca</i> or <i>Colhua-Mexi</i><i>ca</i>. Sometimes the term also includes the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan's two principal allied city-states, the Acolhuas of Texococo and the Tepanecs of Tlacopan, who together with the Mexica formed the Aztec Triple Alliance which has also become known as the "Aztec Empir<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDEUE3XoZWZtGW7tardsn7kYSjH1OiGL-dYBB6CppaEnk4WqdgYxDiXd4ff-kxzf5lf_8etg5_nYrO555HRu7poiOE1p-WIdh9OaGGySY3yDfnbfsfsbo4Iq62M0xuMwDN2usa9XKSAw4y/s1600-h/azteca.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 114px; height: 118px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDEUE3XoZWZtGW7tardsn7kYSjH1OiGL-dYBB6CppaEnk4WqdgYxDiXd4ff-kxzf5lf_8etg5_nYrO555HRu7poiOE1p-WIdh9OaGGySY3yDfnbfsfsbo4Iq62M0xuMwDN2usa9XKSAw4y/s320/azteca.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442283261158552322" border="0" /></a>e".</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);">In other contexts, Aztec may refer to all the various city states and their peoples, who shared large parts of their ethnic history as well as many important cultural traits with the Mexica, Acolhua and Tepanecs, and who like them, also spoke the Nahuatl language. In this meaning it is possible to talk about an Aztec civilization including all the particular cultural patterns common for the Nahuatl speaking peoples of the late postclassic period in Mesoamerica.</p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">From the 13th century Valley of Mexico was the core of Aztec civilization: here the capital of the Aztec Triple Alliance, the city of Tenochtitlan, was built upon raised islets in Lake Techoco. The Triple Alliance formed its tributary empire expanding its political hegemony far beyond the Valley of Mexico, conquering other city states throughout Mesoamerica. At its pinnacle Aztec culture had rich and complex mythological and religious traditions, as well as reaching remarkable architectural and artistic accomplishments.</p> <p style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">In 1521, in what is probably the most widely known episode in theSpanish colonization of the Americas, Hernán Cortés, along with a large number of Nahuatl speaking indigenous allies, conquered Tenochtitlan and defeated the Aztec Triple Alliance under the leadership of Hueyi Tlatoani Moctezuma II; In the series of events often referred to as "The fall of the Aztec Empire". Subsequently the Spanish founded the new settlement of Mexico city on the site of the ruined Aztec capital.</p>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-9314266576776359822010-02-25T12:03:00.000-08:002010-02-25T12:41:49.920-08:00The Incas<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIHocM5pmnPWLJByNb_t3zd-VRMrzXNfZRNcQzgJ8PPRszWPqH6ToKXU2vD3EnNRLKRveAxfprIY8NhJciXIqWyVzUTgBnSybg0ZkVw-SHiZDu61PtzZnzIjuATr2bdmH0PLo0j4G9OvUr/s1600-h/personita+inca.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 97px; height: 123px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIHocM5pmnPWLJByNb_t3zd-VRMrzXNfZRNcQzgJ8PPRszWPqH6ToKXU2vD3EnNRLKRveAxfprIY8NhJciXIqWyVzUTgBnSybg0ZkVw-SHiZDu61PtzZnzIjuATr2bdmH0PLo0j4G9OvUr/s320/personita+inca.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442279876143911906" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The Inca civilization began as a tribe in the Cuzco area, where the legendary first Sapa Inca, Manco Capac founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200. Under the leadership of the descendants of Manco Capac, the Inca state grew to absorb other Andean communities. In 1442, the Incas began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Patchacuti. He founded theInca Empire, which became the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.</span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">The empire was split by a civil war to decide who would be Inca Hanan and who would be Inca Hurin (Hanan and Hurin represent the families of the higher parts of the city (Hanan) and those of the lower parts (Hurin) it is believed that one of the brothers was from Hanan Cuzco and the other from Hurin Cuzco as they were part of the family of their mothers), which pitted the brothers Huascar and Atahualpa against each other. In 1533, Spanish Conquerors led by Francisco Pizarro, took advantage of this situation and conquered much of the existing Inca territory. In succeeding years, the invaders consolidated power over the whole Andean region, repressing successive Inca resistance and culminating in the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Perú in 1542. The militant phase of Inca liberation movements ended with the fall of resistance in Vilcabamba during 1573. Though indigenous sovereignty was lost, Inca cultural traditions remain strong among surviving indigenous descendants such as the Quechuas and Aymara people.</p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);">We fou</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFe8hnW9Ioa0WcofLT-qQTKymjlJo7BBQQdTFxpdQ7IaOPKCScU5N36AnreIXGeX_NremdfrLwf8tVtmLK6mnn9G4Ow42uYX4ABqb-b6EuDvc2Bw4FsmFWJhcugId0q1ocl9LnEHP7UDC4/s1600-h/mapa+de+los+incas.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 105px; height: 120px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFe8hnW9Ioa0WcofLT-qQTKymjlJo7BBQQdTFxpdQ7IaOPKCScU5N36AnreIXGeX_NremdfrLwf8tVtmLK6mnn9G4Ow42uYX4ABqb-b6EuDvc2Bw4FsmFWJhcugId0q1ocl9LnEHP7UDC4/s320/mapa+de+los+incas.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442279234358205442" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);">nd these kingdoms in such good order, and the said Incas governed them in such wise that throughout them there was not a thief, nor a vicious man, nor an adulteress, nor was a bad woman admitted among them, nor were there immoral people. The men had honest and useful occupations. The lands, forests, </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);">mines, pastures, houses and all kinds of products were regulated and distributed in such sort that each one knew his property without any other person seizing it or occupying it, nor were there law suits respecting it… the motive which obliges me to make this statement is the discharge of my conscience, as I find myself guilty. For we have destroyed by our evil example, the people who had such a government as was enjoyed by these natives. </span><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);">They were so free from the committal of crimes or excesses, as well men as women, that the Indian who had 100,000 pesos worth of gold or silver in his house, left it open merely placing a small stick against the door, as a sign that its master was out. With that, according to their custom, no one could enter or take anything that was there. When they saw that we put locks and keys on our doors, they supposed that it was from fear of them, that they might not kill us, but not because they believed that anyone would steal the property of another. So that when they found that we had thieves among us, and men who sought to make their daughters commit sin, they despised us.</p>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-68986984480613014172010-02-25T10:27:00.000-08:002010-02-25T12:40:57.998-08:00The Mayas<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsrZ3M2wcq9VoUyj7KhQetK2YPNeOdcDORIH675Ilod3GryNjRa9ypcXZ34U5IxF8Bvv6ICmUeEDKhm6OQRQRpIt3uohr4VWW2OnnE-FY_ZIxD-WP-g68uCVph0qc8hUJL_wrE4YHiI2kr/s1600-h/maya.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 130px; height: 130px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsrZ3M2wcq9VoUyj7KhQetK2YPNeOdcDORIH675Ilod3GryNjRa9ypcXZ34U5IxF8Bvv6ICmUeEDKhm6OQRQRpIt3uohr4VWW2OnnE-FY_ZIxD-WP-g68uCVph0qc8hUJL_wrE4YHiI2kr/s320/maya.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442252439610257586" border="0" /></a><p style="font-style: italic;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilitation, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD), according to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state development during the Classic period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period u</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);">ntil the arrival of the Spanish. At its peak, it was one of the most densely populated and culturally dynamic societies in the world. </span></p> <p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiCfXOJvV6vrs2XhdwFVeYnc4mFR3kEb7T86iPfTFM0cXIMM1SjNv68vc2-mcRGpqPUN2AYGMJ3Mrc1CiroXX8UlWVjJ3kBd9Qb7q5Iwtv-ty3CQwX7a3_1pIdNSDAFlJBLcQrAVTfkzjm/s1600-h/arquitectura+maya.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 122px; height: 141px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiCfXOJvV6vrs2XhdwFVeYnc4mFR3kEb7T86iPfTFM0cXIMM1SjNv68vc2-mcRGpqPUN2AYGMJ3Mrc1CiroXX8UlWVjJ3kBd9Qb7q5Iwtv-ty3CQwX7a3_1pIdNSDAFlJBLcQrAVTfkzjm/s320/arquitectura+maya.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442253266259246242" border="0" /></a></p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><br /></span></p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">The Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations due to the high degree of interaction and cultutal diffusion that characterized the region. Advances such as writing, epigraphy, and thecalendardid not originate with the Maya; however, their civilization full</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">y developed them.</span><br /></p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><br /></p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);">Maya influence can be detected from Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and to as far as central Mexico, more than 1000 km (625 miles) from the Maya area. Many outside influences are found in Maya art and architecture, which are thought to result from trade and cultural exchange rather than direct external conquest.</p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:130%;" >The agriculture</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">:</span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);">Agricultural production in the Maya area, especially in the northern and southern lowlands, had to contend with a number of factors that constrained plant cultivation. These consist of a generally poor soil quality, an overall lack of nutrients in the soil necessary for intensive production, and, in some areas (especially the tropical environments of the southern lowlands), dense vegetation cover with a high canopy. In the semi-arid areas of the northern Maya lowlands, agriculturalists had to contend with reduced levels of rainfall, shallow soil deposits, and exposed limestone bedrock pavements. The Mayans were skilled farmers, clearing large sections o<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLANup1Elx95DAUNoLvgpTbamjXce-w0AqW1SomTCPuImsOMcx8KPD2MHsrCr9rlhWtCZLj588xWRMir_T9ciNT-vp52VnegC-2m85FhAGc3wrmuVfAMNJxNXuDfgfYJnfs0J_xQaR-Vr6/s1600-h/agricultura+maya.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 101px; height: 114px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLANup1Elx95DAUNoLvgpTbamjXce-w0AqW1SomTCPuImsOMcx8KPD2MHsrCr9rlhWtCZLj588xWRMir_T9ciNT-vp52VnegC-2m85FhAGc3wrmuVfAMNJxNXuDfgfYJnfs0J_xQaR-Vr6/s320/agricultura+maya.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5442273534688384114" border="0" /></a>f tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">To fight these deficiencies, the Maya adopted a number of adaptive techniques that, if necessary, allowed for the clear-cutting of land and re-infused the soil with nutrients. Primary among these was slash and burn, or swidden, agriculture, a technique that cleared and temporarily fertilized the area to be cultivated. For example, the introduction of ash into the soil raised the soil’s pH , which in turn raised the content of a variety of nutrients, especially phosphorus, for a short period of time, which may be around two years long. However, the soil will not be suitable for planting for as many as ten years. This technique, common throughout the Maya area, is still practiced today in the Maya region. Complementing swidden techniques wascrop rotation and milpa farming, which were employed to maintain soil viability and increase the variability of cultivated crops.</p><p style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><br /></p>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-58448731994640120102010-02-25T02:52:00.000-08:002010-03-04T02:47:16.441-08:00vocabulary of Unit 5 and 6<span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:180%;" ><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153)">UNIT 5</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,102); FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153)"><br />1</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153)">Ummayad:</span></span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Family that run away in 750.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />2</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Caliphate of Damascus:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">The capital of island territories.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />3</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Caliphate of Cordoba:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the most brilliant period of Damascus.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />4</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Al-Andalus:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Were the territories in the power of the Muslims.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />5 Jews:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">people that play an important role in the economy.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />6</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Emirate:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Territory governed by the king.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />7</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Emir:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the goverment of the emirate.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />8</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Walis:</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic"> Was governors, who controlled the provinces.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />9 Visir:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Was a minister.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />10</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Hayib:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the primer minister.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />11</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Raids:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">they was used to obtain prisioners in the Caliphate of Cordoba.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />12 Taifas:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Small kingdoms into the Muslims kindoms was divided.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />13</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Parias:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Taxes paid by the taifas.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />14</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Almoravids:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Warriors berbers from the north of Africa.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />15</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Almohads: </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Warriors berbers from the nprth of Africa.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />16</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Battle of Navas de Tolosa:</span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic"> battle produced in 1212 and the muslims lost.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />17</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Nasrid Kingdom:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Was formed by the nasrid family.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />18</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Dinar:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">money of gold.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />19</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Dirhem:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">money of silver.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />20</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Arabs:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Were the descendants of the conquerors.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />21</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Berbers:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Warriors of the north of Africa.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />22</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Muladies:</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">Muslims who adopted the religion language and costums of Islam.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />23</span><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">Mozarabs:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">christians who continuedo to practise their religion.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />24 Medina:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Was the main area</span></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">or old city.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />25 Aljama:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the main mosque.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />26 Mosque:</span> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Was a place where the muslims went to pray.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />27 Arrabales:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Were worker's districts, where the craft workshops were located.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />28 Alcázar:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">The centre of political life.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />29 Souk:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the market, a place where social and economic life was centred.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />30 Alhóndigas:</span> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Large warehouses</span></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">, where the merchants kept their goods.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />31 Averroes:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was an islam intellectual.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />32 Maimonides:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was an islam intellectual.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />33 Horseshoe arches:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Were the arches used in the islamic architecture.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />34 Plasterwork:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was used to decorate the islamic buildings.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:180%;" ><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153)"><br /><br />UNIT 6</span></span><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic">1 Reconquest:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was produced when the Christians conquered the Iberian Peninsula.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />2 Kingdom of Asturias:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was originated by the Christians in Cantabria, defeated by Pelayo.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />3 Kingdom of León:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was originated whenthe capital of the kingdom of asturias was moved to<br />Leon.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />4 Aragonese counties:</span> <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />5 Catalan counties:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />6 Pelayo:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was chosed by the visigoths as their king.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />7 Battle of Covadonga:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was produced in 722.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />8 Alfonso III:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was regined when the Battle </span></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">of Covadonga was produced.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />9 Fernán González:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was governed when Castile was divided.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />10 Spanish March:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was formed by the Pyrenean within the Carolingian Empire.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />11 Carolingian Empire:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was dissolved in the 9th century.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />12 Sancho III the Great:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">became the most powerful Cjristian king on the Peninsula.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />13 Wilfred the Hairy:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the person who united the Catalan counties</span></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />14 Beatus:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Is a famous example of the mozarabic art.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />15 Mozarabic art:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the art wich emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />16 Mudejar art:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />17 Asturian art:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />18 Repopulation:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was produced when the Christians kingdoms advanced from de Duero valley</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />19 Fueros:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was privileges the kings gave to the towns.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />20 Military orders:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Created the feudal estates.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />21 Mudejars:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Where</span></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)">Muslims who remained in Christian territory.</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />22 Alfonso VI:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />23 Ferdinand III:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />24 Cortes:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />25 Honourable Council of the Mesta:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the sheeps.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />26 Alfonso I the Battler:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Was the first king of Aragon.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />27 James I the Conqueror:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.</span></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153); FONT-STYLE: italic"><br />28 Generalitat:</span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204)"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">An institution which defended the rights</span></span> <span style="COLOR: rgb(204,51,204); FONT-STYLE: italic">of individuals in Aragon.</span>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-34210501545457920602010-01-25T02:40:00.000-08:002010-01-30T02:36:54.010-08:00The irrigation system in the farmhouse<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZlnHPNbhBE2Gv6QfKrc0zgyg8ShMbsgATElXPswRbt6bLzGubh_IEGx71e2urycP7OJWuX5lGSvM3sAjX2XSNFwt3uIYyZS_KShPU2dPnRpiF-HHwDURth0zHg0NasxJ69SI0huD4gl5p/s1600-h/cultura+andalusi.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5430629707414952354" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 266px; height: 320px;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZlnHPNbhBE2Gv6QfKrc0zgyg8ShMbsgATElXPswRbt6bLzGubh_IEGx71e2urycP7OJWuX5lGSvM3sAjX2XSNFwt3uIYyZS_KShPU2dPnRpiF-HHwDURth0zHg0NasxJ69SI0huD4gl5p/s320/cultura+andalusi.jpg" border="0" /></a><strong style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><em>In this picture, we can see a farmhouse.</em></strong></div><strong style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><em>The people is working in it. The peasants had the harvest and small trades. They had a lot of irrigation systems:</em></strong><br /><p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><strong><em>The arabs perfected immensly the technologies of irrigation, turned into the teachers of the hydraulic agricultural technology, took advantage of the Roman systems of irrigation that here they found, and close to the oriental technologies that knew, could achieve an exceptional utilization of the water.</em></strong></p><strong><em><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"><br />Both traditional still in force systems of irrigation at present come of the Moslem epoch, besides the channelings of the water ó irrigation ditches, for which it was traversing the water of the rivers or of the springs, being served the differences of the soil. In the utilization of the fluvial waters they used the dams or preys, and the alquezares or cuts. To catch underground waters wells and a few perforated galleries were in use, applying technologies of oriental origin. </span></em></strong><br /><p style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><em>Also there used technologies of drainage and desiccation of them go and swampy lands especially in Castellón's zone. So much the waters of the rivers as of the wells and the galleries could take advantage using wheels elevators that were allowing to take the water up to a pond wherefrom the irrigation ditches and the channels were going out. Among these wheels there were those who were moving themselves directly for the current of the water, which were working with the force of an animal, or those of balance beam. </em></strong></p><div></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-22089734846945367502010-01-21T10:54:00.000-08:002010-01-21T10:56:11.199-08:00Parts of the mosque<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKToC8G0_hwYmyoSaLs2GqsceKH-rMjWFeAKkpb7J1vqWcU9TzBwM-u5PJkDdb1jPP_UsQEcxx4vvENRgP2Xgm67P1tu_r9V81reaYoHwHn8VO2HZb8j4BGhtbw_gj3iRVnBAOj8TkonI/s1600-h/elisa.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 166px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKToC8G0_hwYmyoSaLs2GqsceKH-rMjWFeAKkpb7J1vqWcU9TzBwM-u5PJkDdb1jPP_UsQEcxx4vvENRgP2Xgm67P1tu_r9V81reaYoHwHn8VO2HZb8j4BGhtbw_gj3iRVnBAOj8TkonI/s320/elisa.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5429268847929666258" border="0" /></a>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2690934778550966644.post-50071795056880070442009-11-23T09:33:00.000-08:002009-11-23T11:13:28.643-08:00The parts of Romanesque Art<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);"><br /></span><br /><br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1LjnTbUdnY-VJv1-18BhMQi0CNYYKQ-O4v0bdliz-_W0zkktSiwSEibqKRtKHHfx9_lQdboUnweftduZsnHm_Q7MHqbb4aVbyTDioVyG__r65i1wvQh8NJkE2_RSkUqBDiFpL1YobjbQF/s1600/Santiago-Catedral-Planta.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 217px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1LjnTbUdnY-VJv1-18BhMQi0CNYYKQ-O4v0bdliz-_W0zkktSiwSEibqKRtKHHfx9_lQdboUnweftduZsnHm_Q7MHqbb4aVbyTDioVyG__r65i1wvQh8NJkE2_RSkUqBDiFpL1YobjbQF/s320/Santiago-Catedral-Planta.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5407377670385976082" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><br /><br /><br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPPzVuxozAUbcTydIkSQo5C3_pBg4DXfONsjsmNALIWzpOYZ6cj94csoz-qGmKJhj4CFB7b1iTSN3Z8kgFPeY6VFmQz4Q7lIPbaLMEU2dhW4gHHi-jhdlo1NwNfCB78TQpcsMIt4nPCuAo/s1600/alzado+de+iglesia+rom%C3%A1nica.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 185px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPPzVuxozAUbcTydIkSQo5C3_pBg4DXfONsjsmNALIWzpOYZ6cj94csoz-qGmKJhj4CFB7b1iTSN3Z8kgFPeY6VFmQz4Q7lIPbaLMEU2dhW4gHHi-jhdlo1NwNfCB78TQpcsMIt4nPCuAo/s320/alzado+de+iglesia+rom%C3%A1nica.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5407377673746973058" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><br /></span></span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ZzKCUCpBqzJub2FPxWPPtjIMEtwCH1EEWf_wN_vbo3LN1DQr_un6OL6ppDYR6vjxkHaRDTWGCOytU8osg_ysh6beVLnXH8UJaIkzBuemaObTrgmSoMXBzYcG4RUB8sAZaYiXkZXUCUBz/s1600/Santiago-Catedral-Planta.png"><br /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9rxrmTcQQ0QLe2bNLRmb65cbndjTikwM7iPVuj0X0Sa4jxerM0MyfErkQjB8IGnKQrJnEzH_GfVaP_tkmh_Ulizak7cijMN9zNzBTUnNzHA0w2agLetC5nFu-VUVE6JpAYN6vvEqUndTY/s1600/alzado+de+iglesia+rom%C3%A1nica.jpg"><br /></a></div>Elisahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15069969406063075577noreply@blogger.com0